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Macular degeneration is a condition that affects the macula, the central part of the retina needed for sharp, detailed central vision. This condition is age-related (AMD) and typically starts after age 50. It causes central vision to blur and distort, though it rarely causes total blindness.
read more about macular degeneration ...AMD is linked to aging and the breakdown of cells. The condition begins when drusen (yellow deposits) form under the retina, which interferes with the macula's function. The main risk factors include age, family history of AMD (genetics), smoking, and a diet low in protective nutrients.
Macular degeneration has two types that affect vision differently. Dry AMD is the most frequent form. It causes slow, gradual vision loss as the macula thins. Wet AMD is less frequent but more damaging. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow and leak fluid under the retina, causing rapid central vision loss.
People with AMD often notice these signs:
Treatment focuses on slowing the disease. Dry AMD uses AREDS 2 vitamin supplements and diet changes. Wet AMD is treated with anti-VEGF injections to stop leaking blood vessels. Contact lenses do not treat the disease but help maximize remaining sight by correcting other vision errors.
Dry AMD involves the slow thinning of the macula. Wet AMD involves the fast, damaging growth and leakage of abnormal blood vessels.
No, AMD rarely causes total blindness. It affects central vision, but peripheral vision usually remains intact.
Yes. A diet rich in leafy greens, fruits, and omega-3 fatty acids from fish is associated with a slower progression of the dry form of the condition.
If you have been diagnosed with dry AMD, monitor your vision daily with an Amsler grid. If lines appear wavy or a dark spot appears in your central vision, contact your ophthalmologist immediately, as this may indicate a conversion to the wet form.
American Macular Degeneration Foundation. Understanding AMD (macular.org). 2024.
National Eye Institute. Age-Related Macular Degeneration (nei.nih.gov). 2023.
Cleveland Clinic. Macular Degeneration (clevelandclinic.org). 2024.
Mayo Clinic. Macular Degeneration Diagnosis (mayoclinic.org). 2024.