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Eye cancer refers to malignancies that develop in the eyeball or surrounding structures. The most common intraocular tumors in adults are melanomas of the iris, ciliary body and choroid, while retinoblastoma occurs in children. Some tumors arise in the eyelid or orbit. These cancers start when cells divide uncontrollably, forming tumors that may spread to other parts of the body. Early detection and treatment improve outcomes.
read more about eye cancer ...Eye cancers include uveal melanomas of the iris, ciliary body and choroid; retinoblastoma in children; ocular lymphoma; and cancers of the eyelid or orbit. They arise when genetic damage causes ocular cells to multiply uncontrollably. Risk factors include age over 50, light eye color, fair skin, inherited conditions like dysplastic nevus syndrome or BAP1 mutation, and possible ultraviolet exposure. Most eye cancers are rare, but awareness of these risk factors helps in early detection.
Symptoms vary by tumor type but may include painless vision loss, blurred vision, seeing floaters or flashes, a bulging eye, a dark spot on the iris that grows, a lump on the eyelid and changes in eye movement or alignment. Some tumors cause no symptoms until they grow large. Regular eye exams help detect changes early.
Doctors diagnose eye cancers through comprehensive eye exams and imaging tests such as ultrasound, fluorescein angiography, CT scans or MRI. In some cases, a biopsy is performed. Prognosis depends on tumor type, size and whether it has spread. Early detection improves chances of successful treatment.
Treatment options depend on the type and stage of cancer. Small melanomas may be observed or treated with radiation (plaque brachytherapy or external beam) or laser therapy. Larger tumors may require surgical removal or enucleation. Retinoblastoma may be managed with chemotherapy, laser therapy or cryotherapy. Ocular lymphoma is treated with chemotherapy and radiation. Follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence.
The outlook varies by tumor type and stage. Some small melanomas and retinoblastomas can be cured or controlled with treatment. Early diagnosis offers the best chance for a cure.
Risk factors include older age, light eye color, fair skin, genetic conditions like dysplastic nevus syndrome and BAP1 mutation, and possibly excessive ultraviolet exposure.
Diagnosis involves a detailed eye exam, imaging such as ultrasound, fluorescein angiography, CT or MRI, and sometimes biopsy. Specialists use these tests to determine tumor type and plan treatment.
There's no guaranteed way to prevent eye cancer, but protecting your eyes from excessive sunlight, wearing sunglasses with UV protection and having regular eye exams may reduce risk and allow early detection.