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Accessory lacrimal glands are small tear-producing glands embedded within the eyelids. They continuously release a thin aqueous fluid that mixes with tears from the main lacrimal gland. This steady output keeps the cornea smooth, nourished, and optically clear. By supporting baseline lubrication between blinks, they contribute to day-long visual comfort.
read more about accessory lacrimal glands ...The glands of Krause cluster deep in the conjunctival fornix of the upper and lower lids. The glands of Wolfring lie along the upper tarsal border near the lid margin. Tiny ducts open onto the ocular surface so their secretions spread across the cornea with each blink. This arrangement promotes a stable, uniform tear layer.
Accessory lacrimal glands like Krause and Wolfring share similar histology to the main lacrimal gland. They are composed of acini lined with secretory epithelial cells that produce aqueous tear components. Ducts lined with cuboidal cells connect the glands to the conjunctival surface. Their dispersed placement ensures even tear distribution across the eye.
These glands contribute to tear production. By keeping the eye's surface moist and reducing friction with every blink, they help maintain comfort and clarity throughout the day.
Understanding the anatomy of the eye helps explain how vision works and why each part is important for healthy sight. From the cornea that focuses light to the retina that captures images, every structure plays a precise role. Learning about these components encourages better eye care and awareness of changes that could signal a problem.
They supply basal aqueous tears that hydrate the cornea and deliver dissolved oxygen and protective proteins. The fluid reduces friction during eyelid movement and helps wash away debris. Together with oils and mucus from other sources, their output supports a cohesive tear film. Consistent secretion limits evaporation and maintains clarity.
The main lacrimal gland drives reflex tearing during irritation or emotion, producing larger volumes quickly. Accessory glands are smaller and dispersed, providing routine, background lubrication. Both systems interact to keep tear volume and quality in balance. This partnership preserves comfort across changing conditions.
By supplying constant moisture, these glands help maintain a smooth optical interface for incoming light. Their secretions also carry antimicrobial components that support surface defense. Stable lubrication reduces optical scatter and improves image sharpness. The result is comfortable blinking and consistent vision throughout the day.
Do they change with age? Output can decline gradually, which may influence dryness complaints.
Can you see them? No, they sit within eyelid tissues and are not visible without dissection.
Do lifestyle factors matter? Environment and screen time can increase evaporation, making steady basal tears especially valuable.
Conrady, C. D., Joos, Z. P., & Patel, B. C. K. (2016). Review: The lacrimal gland and its role in dry eye. Journal of Ophthalmology. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4793137/
Bron, A. J., de Paiva, C. S., Chauhan, S. K., et al. (2017). TFOS DEWS II: Pathophysiology report. Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society (TFOS) DEWS II Report. https://www.tfosdewsreport.org/report-pathophysiology/106_36/en/
Willcox, M. D. P., Argüeso, P., Georgiev, G. A., et al. (2017). TFOS DEWS II: Tear film report. The Ocular Surface. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6035753/
Patel, J., Levin, A., & Patel, B. C. (2023). Epiphora. StatPearls. NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557449/
American Academy of Ophthalmology. (2023). Basic histology of the eye and accessory structures. EyeWiki. https://eyewiki.org/Basic_Histology_of_the_Eye_and_Accessory_Structures