Visual acuity test. MedlinePlus. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003396.htm. Accessed March 27, 2026.
Healthy Vision. National Eye Institute. https://www.nei.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-06/NEI_Healthy-Vision_booklet_WEB_508%20%281%29.pdf. Accessed March 27, 2026.
Cataract in the Adult Eye Preferred Practice Pattern. AAO. https://www.aao.org/Assets/a7c4e054-2b43-4ac9-869a-d858ed48bb21/638876828052630000/cataract-in-the-adult-eye-ppp-7-9-25. Accessed March 27, 2026.
Standard eye exam. MedlinePlus. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003434.htm. Accessed March 27, 2026.
Refractive Errors. National Eye Institute. https://www.nei.nih.gov/eye-health-information/eye-conditions-and-diseases/refractive-errors. Accessed March 27, 2026.