What Is Visual Fixation?
The oculomotor skill of maintaining the eye's central visual axis (the fovea) precisely on a stationary target. It is one of the most fundamental skills of the visual-motor system.
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Fovea's Role
Fixation is necessary because the fovea, the center of the retina, provides the highest visual resolution, allowing the brain to extract detailed information from the target.
Eye Movements
Even during "steady" fixation, the eyes make three small, involuntary movements: tremors, drift, and microsaccades, which are necessary to prevent the image from fading (Troxler's Fading).
Clinical Test
Poor fixation ability can indicate neurological issues, vestibular system dysfunction, or inadequate control of the six extraocular muscles.
Why do we need microsaccades?
Microsaccades constantly shift the image slightly across the photoreceptors, ensuring they receive fresh stimulation, which is required to prevent the visual image from disappearing.
What is nystagmus?
Nystagmus is an involuntary, rhythmic oscillation of the eyes that prevents steady fixation and reduces visual acuity.
What is the 'Fusional Reserve'?
The amount of eye muscle effort (vergence) available to maintain fixation and single vision when the eyes are stressed (related to binocular fixation).