What Is Pterygium?
A triangular, wedge-shaped growth of fleshy conjunctival tissue that originates on the white of the eye and slowly extends onto the clear cornea. It is often called "surfer's eye."
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Cause
Highly correlated with chronic, unprotected exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, wind, and dust, leading to abnormal tissue proliferation.
Clinical Impact
If it grows far enough into the center of the cornea, it can induce astigmatism, distort the visual axis, and lead to significant vision loss. It also causes chronic inflammation and irritation.
Treatment
Initially managed with lubricating drops to reduce inflammation. If it threatens vision or becomes cosmetically unacceptable, surgical excision is required, often with specialized grafting to prevent recurrence.
How is it different from a Pinguecula?
A pinguecula is a stationary, yellowish lump on the white of the eye that does not invade the cornea. A pterygium is a growing, fleshy lesion that does invade the cornea.
What is the recurrence rate after surgery?
The recurrence rate can be high if the bare sclera technique is used. Modern techniques using conjunctival autografts or anti-scarring agents significantly reduce the risk.
Does it grow fast?
No. Pterygium growth is typically slow and insidious, often taking years to reach a size that affects vision.