What is Polymyalgia Rheumatica?

What is the Mechanism of the Disorder and Affected Tissues?

The mechanism of the disorder is systemic inflammation. The condition is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system causes inflammation in the linings of the joints (synovium) and surrounding tissues, such as bursae and tendons. This inflammation is what generates the intense pain and stiffness, rather than the inflammation of the muscle tissue itself.

What Symptoms are Associated with Morning Stiffness and What Relieves It?

Symptoms include pain and stiffness that is usually bilateral (affecting both sides of the body) and is often most severe in the morning or after periods of inactivity. The stiffness may be so profound that it hinders getting dressed, but unlike mechanical pain, it often improves significantly throughout the day after moderate activity.

Diagnostic Procedures

Diagnosis is usually based on a physical exam and blood tests to check for high levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The doctor rules out other forms of arthritis and connective tissue diseases.

How Does This Condition Impact Vision or Eye Health?

Polymyalgia Rheumatica can be linked to Giant Cell Arteritis, a serious condition that requires immediate treatment. Giant Cell Arteritis causes inflammation of the arteries, and if it affects the arteries supplying the optic nerve, it can cause sudden, permanent vision loss or blindness.

How is Polymyalgia Rheumatica Treated?

Treatment involves low doses of corticosteroid medication (like prednisone) to rapidly suppress the inflammation. Symptoms usually improve quickly after treatment begins, but the medication is needed for a long period.