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Hydrochlorothiazide is a prescription thiazide diuretic and antihypertensive medicine. It is used for hypertension and as adjunctive therapy for edema associated with heart failure, liver cirrhosis, corticosteroid or estrogen therapy, and selected kidney disorders. Current tablets include 12.5 mg, 25 mg, and 50 mg strengths.
read more about hydrochlorothiazide ...Hydrochlorothiazide acts in the distal renal tubule and reduces reabsorption of sodium and chloride. This increases urinary excretion of sodium and water and can also increase potassium and bicarbonate loss. The exact mechanism behind its blood pressure lowering effect is not fully defined.
Hydrochlorothiazide is used in adults and children for hypertension and selected forms of edema. Edema indications include heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, acute glomerulonephritis, chronic renal failure, and edema linked to corticosteroid or estrogen therapy.
For adult hypertension, the usual initial dose is 25 mg once daily and can increase to 50 mg daily as one dose or two divided doses. Adult edema dosing is usually 25 mg to 100 mg daily as one or divided doses. Pediatric dosing is based on body weight and age.
Hydrochlorothiazide can cause dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities including low sodium, low potassium, and low magnesium. Other concerns include acute myopia, angle-closure glaucoma, high uric acid, gout, increased blood glucose, kidney dysfunction, photosensitivity, and nonmelanoma skin cancer. Periodic electrolyte testing and sun protection are advised during treatment.
Hydrochlorothiazide treats hypertension and selected forms of edema.
The usual initial adult dose is 25 mg once daily.
Yes. Hydrochlorothiazide can increase urinary potassium loss and cause hypokalemia.
Yes. Rare acute myopia and secondary angle-closure glaucoma have been reported.
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Hydrochlorothiazide. MedlinePlus. https://www.medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682571.html. Date Accessed October 1, 2026.
Hydrochlorothiazide. PubChem. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Hydrochlorothiazide. Date Accessed October 1, 2026.
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