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An eye nevus is a pigmented spot or freckle on or inside the eye. Nevi can be found on the conjunctiva (the white of the eye), the iris or the choroid inside the eye. They arise when pigment-producing melanocytes cluster. Most eye nevi are benign and cause no symptoms, but a small number may transform into melanoma. Regular monitoring is important to detect any changes.
read more about eye nevus choroidaliris ...Types of nevi include conjunctival nevi, which appear as yellow, gray or brown spots on the white of the eye; iris nevi or freckles in the colored part of the eye; and choroidal nevi located inside the eye. They develop from clusters of melanocytes. Genetic factors and sun exposure may play roles in their development. They can be congenital or appear later in life.
Most eye nevi cause no symptoms. Rarely, people may notice floaters, eye pain or changes in vision. A small percentage of uveal nevi can transform into melanoma, with an estimated risk of about 1 in 8,000. Signs of malignant transformation include growth, leakage of fluid, orange pigment or changes in size or color. Prompt evaluation is needed if changes occur.
Eye doctors diagnose nevi during an exam and often photograph the spot to monitor any changes over time. Additional imaging such as ultrasound or optical coherence tomography may be used. Annual or regular eye exams are recommended. Wearing sunglasses with UV protection may reduce the risk of changes related to sun exposure.
Most eye nevi don't require treatment. If a nevus shows signs of malignant transformation, treatment may involve laser therapy, radiation (plaque brachytherapy) or surgical removal. Early detection of changes improves outcomes. Protective sunglasses and regular eye exams are the best preventive measures.
Most eye freckles or nevi are benign and do not affect vision. A small percentage may turn into melanoma, so regular monitoring by an eye doctor is important.
Nevi may darken or change slightly with age. Sudden growth or changes in color or shape should be evaluated promptly to rule out malignant transformation.
Doctors photograph and measure the nevus during regular eye exams and may perform imaging. Monitoring allows detection of subtle changes that might indicate a problem.
You can't prevent congenital nevi, but protecting your eyes from ultraviolet light by wearing sunglasses and avoiding tanning beds may reduce the risk of pigmentation changes. Regular exams help catch problems early.