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An Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is any illness that affects the airways, including the nose, throat, larynx, and lungs. These infections have a rapid onset and typically resolve within a few weeks. Common examples include the common cold, flu, and bronchitis.
read more about acute respiratory infection ari ...Acute respiratory infection's are primarily caused by viruses (such as rhinovirus or influenza), though bacteria can also be the cause. They are highly contagious, spreading through respiratory droplets released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.
Symptoms depend on whether the infection affects the upper or lower airways. Upper respiratory infections cause sore throat, nasal congestion, runny nose, coughing, and mild fever. Lower respiratory infections can lead to deeper coughing, shortness of breath, chest discomfort, and wheezing. Fatigue, headache, and muscle aches sometimes accompany both types. Symptoms usually appear suddenly and can range from mild to severe depending on the cause and overall health of the person.
ARIs frequently impact eye health through conjunctivitis (pink eye). Viruses or bacteria can spread from the nasal passages to the eyes via the tear ducts, causing eye redness, watering, itching, and discharge. This is especially common with adenoviruses.
Contact lens wearers should stop wearing their lenses during any active respiratory infection, particularly if they have associated eye symptoms like conjunctivitis. Wearing lenses during infection can trap pathogens against the eye, worsening the condition and damaging the lens.
Treatment for viral ARIs focuses on supportive care, including rest, hydration, and fever reduction. Antibiotics are used only if a bacterial infection is confirmed, as they are ineffective against viruses.
No, antibiotics are ineffective against the viruses that cause the common cold and flu.
A person is usually most contagious during the first few days, but they can remain contagious for up to a week.
No, some, like severe pneumonia, are severe and can require hospitalization.
Seek help if you have a high fever, difficulty breathing, or if a "cold" lasts longer than 10 days. Respiratory infections can lead to viral conjunctivitis (pink eye); if your eyes are red and have watery discharge, avoid rubbing to prevent corneal spread.
WHO. Acute Respiratory Infections (who.int). 2022.
NHS. Respiratory Infections (nhs.uk). 2024.
CDC. Common Cold (cdc.gov). 2024.
MedlinePlus. RTIs (medlineplus.gov). 2025.