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Allergies occur when the body's immune system mistakenly identifies a generally harmless substance, called an allergen, as a threat. The immune system then mounts a defense, releasing chemicals like histamine that cause a cascade of symptoms. Allergies can affect the skin, eyes, nasal passages, respiratory system, or digestive tract, ranging from mild discomfort to a life-threatening reaction.
read more about allergies ...Allergens can be grouped by exposure method. Inhaled allergens include pollen, dust mites, and pet dander. Ingested allergens are found in foods, such as peanuts, tree nuts, milk, eggs, soy, and shellfish. Contact allergens include substances like latex and nickel. Injected allergens primarily come from insect stings (bees, wasps) or medications.
When a sensitive person first encounters an allergen, the immune system produces a specific type of antibody called Immunoglobulin E (IgE). These IgE antibodies attach to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure, the allergen binds to the IgE on the mast cells, causing the mast cells to rapidly release inflammatory chemicals like histamine.
A food allergy is a serious, potentially life-threatening reaction that involves the immune system (IgE antibodies). Even a tiny amount can cause symptoms. A food intolerance, such as lactose intolerance, is a digestive issue (lack of an enzyme) that causes discomfort but does not involve the immune system and is rarely life-threatening.
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention. It involves the sudden release of massive amounts of chemicals that can cause the airways to swell and tighten, a sudden drop in blood pressure, and shock. Common triggers include food, insect stings, and certain medications.
Can you grow out of allergies?
Yes, especially in childhood. Children sometimes outgrow allergies to milk, eggs, wheat, or soy, but allergies to peanuts, tree nuts, and shellfish are typically lifelong.
Do seasonal allergies get worse with age?
Allergy severity can fluctuate throughout life. For some people, symptoms may lessen with age, but for others, they can become more noticeable or change as they develop new sensitivities.
Are there blood tests that can diagnose allergies?
Yes. Blood tests, such as the IgE blood test, measure the amount of IgE antibodies in the blood directed against specific allergens. However, a skin prick test is often preferred for diagnosis.