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A ganglion cyst is a common, non-cancerous lump that forms under the skin near a joint or tendon, most often in the wrist or hand. These cysts are filled with a thick, jelly-like fluid similar to the fluid that lubricates the joints.
read more about ganglion cyst ...The mechanism of cyst formation is thought to involve fluid leakage. Joint or tendon sheaths produce fluid for lubrication. If fluid leaks from the joint or tendon sheath, it collects in a small sac, forming the cyst under the skin.
Features include small head size, smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, and short eye openings. Growth restriction presents before or after birth with low weight and length. Congenital heart defects and skeletal differences are common and can vary in severity. Developmental delays affect speech, learning, and behavior. Vision or hearing problems can add to functional challenges through childhood.
Diagnosis is made through a physical examination. The doctor shines a light through the cyst (transillumination) to confirm it is fluid-filled. Imaging tests like ultrasound or Magnetic Resonance Imaging may be used to confirm its connection to a joint or tendon.
A ganglion cyst does not directly impact vision. However, similar cysts or fluid-filled sacs can rarely occur in the orbital area or eyelid. A cyst near the eye can cause cosmetic issues, swelling, or, if large enough, pressure on the eyeball, requiring specialized ophthalmic evaluation.
Non-surgical management options include aspiration (drawing the fluid out with a needle) or simply observing the cyst. Since many cysts disappear on their own, observation is often recommended. If the cyst returns or causes pain, surgery may be needed.
No, ganglion cysts are benign (non-cancerous) growths.
No, surgery is typically reserved for cases where the cyst is painful, affects joint function, or returns after aspiration.
No, this old folk remedy can cause injury and is not recommended.
If the cyst is causing numbness or tingling in your hand, it may be pressing on a nerve. A doctor can perform a "Transillumination" test (shining a light through it) to confirm it is fluid-filled. Do NOT attempt to pop the cyst at home as this can lead to a deep joint infection.
NHS. Ganglion Cyst (nhs.uk). 2025.
Cleveland Clinic. Ganglion Cyst (clevelandclinic.org). 2023.
StatPearls. Ganglion Cyst (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). 2023.
Healthify NZ. Ganglion Cyst (healthify.nz). 2025.