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A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry machine, also called a DXA or DEXA machine, is an imaging device used to measure bone mineral density. It uses two low-dose X-ray beams to estimate how much mineral is in specific bones. Scans are commonly done at the hip, spine, or forearm. The results help clinicians assess osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fracture risk.
read more about dualenergy xray absorptiometry machine ...A DXA machine is used to check bone density and help diagnose low bone mass or osteoporosis. It can also help estimate fracture risk and track response to osteoporosis treatment over time. Clinicians may recommend DXA testing for older adults, people with fracture history, long-term steroid use, or other bone-loss risks. The scan result is interpreted with age, sex, medical history, medications, and fracture risk factors.
The machine sends low-dose X-ray beams through the body area being scanned. Bone and soft tissue absorb the X-rays differently, and the machine uses that difference to calculate bone mineral density. The result is usually reported as a T-score and sometimes a Z-score. A T-score compares bone density with that of a healthy young adult reference group.
The patient lies on a padded table while the scanner arm moves over the target area. The technologist positions the hip, spine, or forearm so the scan can capture reliable measurements. The patient needs to remain still during the scan, but the test is painless and noninvasive. Metal objects, recent contrast studies, or certain body-positioning issues can affect results, so preparation instructions should be followed.
DXA uses a low dose of ionizing radiation, so patients who are pregnant or may be pregnant should tell the imaging team before the scan. The test measures bone density, but it does not show every cause of fracture risk. Results can be affected by arthritis, prior surgery, body size, positioning, or compression fractures. A clinician should review the results and decide whether treatment or follow-up testing is needed.
Yes. DXA and DEXA are commonly used names for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
No. The scan is painless and does not require needles, sedation, or recovery time.
It can help diagnose osteoporosis by measuring bone mineral density and producing scores used in diagnosis. The clinician also considers fracture history and other risks.
The timing depends on age, risk factors, prior results, and treatment status. A healthcare provider should recommend the follow-up schedule.
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DXA Scan (Bone Density Test): What Is It & How It's Done. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/10683-dexa-dxa-scan-bone-density-test. Date Accessed June 16, 2026.