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The total spectrum of electromagnetic energy emitted by the sun. This energy spans from short-wavelength gamma rays and X-rays, through ultraviolet (UV) and visible light, to long-wavelength infrared (IR) and radio waves.
read more about solar radiation ...Ocular health is primarily concerned with three components: Ultraviolet (UV) ($100-400 ext{ nm}$), Visible Light ($400-700 ext{ nm}$), and Infrared (IR) ($700 ext{ nm}-1 ext{ mm}$), all of which can damage the eye if exposure is prolonged.
The eye's natural filters (cornea, lens, and vitreous) absorb most UV-B and UV-C before it reaches the retina, but UV-A and visible blue light pose risks to the lens and macula.
The visible light spectrum, which is used for vision, comprises only a narrow band of the total solar radiation output.
UV-B and UV-C are almost entirely absorbed by the cornea and lens. UV-A is the primary UV component that can reach the lens (causing cataracts) and, to a lesser extent, the retina.
The sun's peak energy output is centered in the visible light spectrum (around $500 ext{ nm}$), which is why our eyes evolved to use this range.
Infrared (IR) radiation can cause thermal burns, potentially leading to 'glassblower's cataract' from chronic heat exposure.