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Sinusitis is the inflammation of the lining of the sinuses, which are the air-filled cavities located behind the face. This inflammation leads to a buildup of mucus, causing pressure, pain, and congestion. It is categorized as acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term).
read more about sinusitis ...The inflammation is commonly caused by a viral cold or the flu, which causes the sinus linings to swell. This swelling blocks the small channels that normally drain mucus, leading to a buildup of fluid that creates pressure. Allergies, nasal polyps, or a deviated septum can also be factors. Bacterial infection often develops secondarily if the blockage persists and fluid accumulates.
Symptoms are defined by localized facial pain or pressure, usually felt behind the forehead, cheeks, or eyes. Other common signs include thick nasal discharge, a reduced sense of smell, and a severe headache. The pain often worsens when the person bends forward, as gravity increases the pressure within the congested cavities, making positional changes painful.
Diagnosis is usually clinical, based on the patient's symptoms. Treatment for acute viral cases involves decongestants and saline sprays. Antibiotics are prescribed only if a bacterial infection is confirmed.
Sinusitis can impact vision due to the proximity of the sinuses to the eye socket. Severe sinus pressure can cause pain behind the eyes, orbital swelling, and temporary blurred vision. In rare, severe cases, the infection can spread directly to the orbit, causing orbital cellulitis.
Non-invasive management strategies focus on relieving congestion. These include nasal irrigation with saline solution, steam inhalation (to thin the mucus), and applying warm compresses to the face to reduce inflammation and pain.
No, the inflammation itself is not contagious, but the underlying viral or bacterial infection can be spread.
Acute sinusitis usually lasts less than four weeks. Chronic sinusitis lasts longer than 12 weeks.
Antibiotics are typically reserved for cases where symptoms persist for more than 10 days, suggesting a bacterial infection.
If you notice swelling or redness around your eye during a sinus infection, seek emergency care immediately. This can indicate "Orbital Cellulitis," an infection that has spread from the sinuses to the eye socket. This is a medical emergency that can threaten both vision and life.
AAO. Sinusitis and the Eye (aao.org). 2024.
NHS. Sinusitis (nhs.uk). 2023.
Mayo Clinic. Chronic Sinusitis (mayoclinic.org). 2025.
Cleveland Clinic. Sinus Infection (clevelandclinic.org). 2024.