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Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome is a common condition characterized by pain around or under the kneecap (patella). It is often referred to as "runner's knee" and is caused by irritation of the cartilage beneath the kneecap.
read more about patellofemoral pain syndrome ...The pain is caused by abnormal tracking. When the knee bends, the kneecap rubs against the femur (thigh bone). This abnormal motion causes wear and irritation to the cartilage, leading to inflammation and pain. The misaligned movement is often caused by muscle weakness or tightness in the hips and thighs, stressing the cartilage during activities like running and jumping.
Symptoms include a dull, aching pain around the front of the knee, typically worsening with activities like running, climbing stairs, or prolonged sitting. The pain often intensifies when getting up after sitting for a long period, which is known as the "theatre sign," signaling increased pressure on the stressed cartilage beneath the kneecap.
Management focuses heavily on rehabilitation. This involves physical therapy to strengthen the muscles that stabilize the knee (especially the hip and thigh muscles) and correcting any foot or knee alignment issues. Rest and ice are used for pain relief.
Diagnosis is usually made based on symptoms and a physical examination. The doctor may perform tests, such as checking the patellar tracking. X-rays or Magnetic Resonance Imaging are sometimes used to rule out other structural issues, though they often appear normal.
Prevention requires correct biomechanics. Maintaining balanced strength in the hip and thigh muscles helps ensure the kneecap tracks correctly in its groove, reducing friction and preventing wear on the cartilage over time.
No, this is an overuse injury to the cartilage and is not a ligament or tendon tear.
Surgery is rarely needed. The condition responds well to consistent physical therapy and rehabilitation.
Yes, running and deep knee bending (squats) aggravate the condition and should be avoided during the acute recovery phase.
See a physical therapist if you feel a "grinding" sensation (crepitus) under your kneecap. While PFPS is a knee issue, patients with chronic pain often suffer from "central sensitization." Your doctor can help you manage the psychological stress that often accompanies long-term mobility issues.
Mayo Clinic. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (mayoclinic.org). 2024.
Cleveland Clinic. Runner's Knee (clevelandclinic.org). 2024.
StatPearls. Patellofemoral Pain (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). 2025.
AAOS. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (orthoinfo.aaos.org). 2023.