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Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD) is a chronic digestive condition where stomach acid or bile flows backward into the food pipe (oesophagus). This backward flow is known as acid reflux and causes irritation of the lining of the oesophagus.
read more about gastro oesophageal reflux disease ...The mechanism is the weakening of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES), a muscular valve between the oesophagus and the stomach. When the LES relaxes improperly, stomach contents flow up, causing the characteristic burning sensation.
Heartburn causes a burning sensation behind the breastbone that can rise into the throat. Sour taste in the mouth, regurgitation after meals, and trouble swallowing are common complaints. Nighttime symptoms appear when lying down after large or late meals. Chronic cough, hoarseness, or wheeze can reflect acid irritating the airway. Symptoms improve with smaller meals, weight management, and head-of-bed elevation.
Long-term health risks include damage to the oesophagus lining, leading to inflammation (oesophagitis) and, in rare cases, Barrett's oesophagus, a change in the lining cells that increases the risk of cancer.
GORD does not directly impact vision. However, the chronic irritation of the throat and oesophagus can lead to secondary issues like severe, refractory dry cough. The forceful coughing can rupture small blood vessels in the eyes (subconjunctival hemorrhages), causing noticeable redness.
Standard management involves lifestyle changes (avoiding trigger foods, eating smaller meals, avoiding eating before bedtime) and medication. Medications include antacids and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce stomach acid production.
Heartburn is a symptom. GORD is the chronic, persistent condition defined by recurring heartburn.
Yes, fatty foods, chocolate, caffeine, and alcohol can relax the LES, increasing the likelihood of reflux.
Surgery is rarely needed, but it may be recommended for severe cases where medication and lifestyle changes are ineffective.
If you have difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) or food feels "stuck," see a specialist immediately. Chronic GORD can lead to "Barrett's Esophagus," a precancerous change in the lining of the esophagus. Regular endoscopy is a medical necessity for long-term GORD patients.
MedlinePlus. GERD (medlineplus.gov). 2025.
NHS. Acid Reflux (nhs.uk). 2023.
Mayo Clinic. GERD Symptoms (mayoclinic.org). 2025.
NIDDK. Definition of GER & GERD (niddk.nih.gov). 2025.