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Endometriosis is a chronic condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus, typically in the pelvic area (on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or outside the bladder). This tissue behaves like normal endometrium, thickening and bleeding during the menstrual cycle.
read more about endometriosis ...The condition is defined by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. This misplaced tissue responds to hormonal changes, leading to chronic inflammation, scar tissue formation, and pelvic pain.
Retrograde menstruation is the leading theory, where menstrual tissue flows backward into the pelvis and implants on the ovaries, peritoneum, or outer surfaces of pelvic organs. These implants respond to hormones, bleed locally, and trigger inflammation that leads to scarring and adhesions. Pain severity does not always match the amount of disease seen on surgery.
Symptoms include severe, often debilitating pain during menstrual periods, chronic pelvic pain, pain during intercourse, and heavy or abnormal bleeding. Infertility is also a common complication.
Treatment involves pain management, hormonal therapy (such as birth control or GnRH agonists) to suppress menstruation and reduce growth, and, often, surgery to excise the endometrial implants.
Endometriosis does not directly impact vision. However, in extremely rare cases (catamenial endometriosis), endometrial tissue has been found in distant sites, such as the orbit, causing pain or bleeding related to the menstrual cycle.
The condition is manageable with treatment, but there is currently no cure. Symptoms can return even after surgical removal.
Yes, endometriosis can cause scarring and damage to the fallopian tubes, making natural conception more difficult.
No, adenomyosis involves tissue growing into the uterine wall. Endometriosis involves the tissue growing outside the uterus.
Seek help if you have "dyspareunia" (painful intercourse) or chronic pelvic pain that interferes with your daily life. Endometriosis is often missed for years; a laparoscopy is the "gold standard" for diagnosis. Treatment can prevent the formation of "chocolate cysts" (endometriomas).
WHO. Endometriosis (who.int). 2025.
WomensHealth.gov. Endometriosis Topics (womenshealth.gov). 2025.
Mayo Clinic. Endometriosis Symptoms (mayoclinic.org). 2024.
MedlinePlus. Endometriosis (medlineplus.gov). 2025.