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A proctoscope is a short, hollow medical instrument used to examine the anus and rectum. It can be made of metal or plastic and may include a light or viewing system. A provider gently inserts it through the anus to look for bleeding, hemorrhoids, inflammation, polyps, tumors, or other rectal problems. The exam that uses this instrument is called proctoscopy.
read more about proctoscope ...A proctoscope is used when a provider needs a direct view of the anal canal and lower rectum. It can help evaluate rectal bleeding, pain, discharge, bowel changes, hemorrhoids, fissures, inflammation, or suspected growths. Some proctoscopes can also help guide small procedures or tissue sampling. The test is limited to the lower part of the bowel and does not examine the full colon.
Rigid proctoscopes are straight instruments used for detailed inspection of the anus and rectum. Some are reusable metal devices that require sterilization, while others are disposable plastic devices. Certain models have built-in lighting or attach to an external light source. The provider chooses the size and design based on the reason for the exam and the patient’s anatomy.
The patient is positioned so the provider can safely examine the anal and rectal area. Lubricant is applied, and the proctoscope is inserted gently into the anus and rectum. Air or gentle adjustment may be used to improve the view. The provider then examines the tissue, looks for abnormalities, and may collect a sample if needed.
Proctoscopy can cause pressure, cramping, or the urge to have a bowel movement, but severe pain is not expected. Patients should tell the provider if they feel sharp pain or need the exam to pause. Possible risks include minor bleeding, irritation, or injury, especially if tissue is inflamed or fragile. Heavy bleeding, fever, worsening pain, or dizziness after the exam should be reported right away.
No. A proctoscope examines the anus and rectum, while a colonoscope is longer and examines the colon.
It can feel uncomfortable or create pressure, but it should not cause severe pain. Tell the provider if the exam hurts.
Most proctoscopy exams do not require sedation. The provider will explain preparation and comfort options based on the exam.
Yes. A proctoscope can help the provider see internal hemorrhoids and other causes of rectal bleeding or discomfort.
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Proctoscopy vs Anoscopy. The Iowa Clinic. https://www.iowaclinic.com/specialties/digestive-health/endoscopy/tests-procedures/proctoscopy-vs-anoscopy/. Date Accessed June 15, 2026.
Comparisons of Rigid Proctoscopy, Flexible Colonoscopy, and Digital Rectal Examination for Determining the Localization of Rectal Cancers. PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29337775/. Date Accessed June 15, 2026.
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